We pull the heat off the computers with liquid, instead of trying to cool the whole room with air. The room never gets involved.
A modern NVIDIA AI rack (an NVL72-class GB300 rack) draws about 132 kW. A conventional CRAC air-conditioning unit tops out near 100 kW and cannot cool even one such rack, and it loses more capacity as the ambient temperature climbs. Air ran out of room at AI density. The answer is to move the heat with water, which carries it roughly 25 times better than air.
Borealis runs one sealed, isolated loop per system. It is a multi-stage path, not "just water":
Direct-to-chip cold plates sit on the GPUs and CPUs and take roughly 90 percent of the heat straight into liquid. A rear-door heat exchanger catches the rest at the back of the rack, so the air returning to the room is already at room temperature. Heat is intercepted at the source.
The Coolant Distribution Unit pumps and regulates the isolated rack loop. A brazed-plate heat exchanger keeps that loop separate from the chiller side. The CDU does no cooling itself; it is the pump and control station of the loop, with N+1 redundant pumps so one can drop for service.
The chiller is the only piece that makes cold, through a refrigerant loop.
A rooftop air-cooled condenser rejects the heat to outside air. No cooling tower, no evaporation, no water consumed.
Because rejection is air-cooled and the loop is sealed, Borealis consumes no water and is rated to 50 C ambient. That makes it a fit for hot, water-scarce regions, including the Middle East, where evaporative cooling is a liability.
A CRAC hall spends close to a third of its power moving air. Cooling at the rack hands that overhead back to compute, and it carries full AI density in the footprint air never could. One vendor owns the whole loop: rack, CDU, chiller, and condenser.
Borealis is turnkey liquid-cooled AI data centers from AGT-USA: best-in-class cooling, NVIDIA compute, one vendor.
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